Biology (school) · Part 02
Moving materials, enzymes and energy
How substances move in and out of cells, and how living things make and release energy.
Last updated
- DiffusionThe spreading out of particles from where there are lots of them to where there are fewer. It needs no energy.
- OsmosisThe movement of water through a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a more concentrated one.
- Active transportMoving substances against a concentration gradient, from low to high concentration, using energy from respiration.
- EnzymeA protein that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up. Each enzyme fits one type of reaction.
- DenaturingWhen heat or the wrong pH changes the shape of an enzyme so it can no longer work.
- PhotosynthesisThe process where plants use light energy to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen.
- Limiting factorThe thing in shortest supply that stops a process from going any faster, such as light, carbon dioxide or temperature.
- Aerobic respirationReleasing energy from glucose using oxygen. It makes carbon dioxide and water.
- Anaerobic respirationReleasing energy from glucose without oxygen. It releases less energy than aerobic respiration.
- StomataTiny holes on the underside of leaves that let gases in and out. Guard cells open and close them.
- TranspirationThe loss of water vapour from leaves. It pulls water up the plant through tubes called xylem.