Genetic engineering
Moving a gene from one organism into another to give it a new feature.
Last updated
Analogy
Copying one recipe from one cookbook into another.
In practice
Bacteria with a human insulin gene make insulin for people with diabetes.
Questions people ask
How does genetic engineering work?
Scientists cut out the useful gene using enzymes. They insert it into a vector such as a bacterial plasmid or virus, which carries it into the new organism's cells. The cells then make the new protein. Insulin, and crops that resist pests, are made this way.
What are the pros and cons of GM crops?
Benefits include higher yields, resistance to pests or drought and added vitamins. Concerns include possible harm to wild plants or insects, farmers depending on seed companies, and worries about eating GM food, although approved foods are tested. People often disagree on how to weigh these points.